The dose response for sprint interval training interventions may affect the time course of aerobic training adaptations

Low vs. high volume sprint-interval training (SIT) sessions have shown similar physiological benefits after 8 weeks. However, the dose response and residual effects of shorter SIT bouts (<10 s) are unknown. Following a 6-wk control period, 13 healthy inactive males were assigned to a low dose (LDG: n = 7) or high dose (HDG: n = 6) supervised 6-wk intervention: ×2/wk of SIT (LDG = 2 sets of 5 × 6 s ON: 18 s OFF bouts; HDG = 4–6 sets); ×1/wk resistance training (3 exercises at 3 × 10 reps). Outcome measures were tested pre and post control (baseline (BL) 1 and 2), 72 h post (0POST), and 3-wk post (3POST) intervention. At 0POST, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) increased in the LDG (+16%) and HDG (+11%) vs. BL 2, with no differences between groups (p = 0.381). At 3POST, VO2peak was different between LDG (−11%) and HDG (+3%) vs. 0POST. Positive responses for the intervention’s perceived enjoyment (PE) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were found for both groups. Blood pressure, blood lipids, or body composition were not different between groups at any time point. Conclusion: LDG and HDG significantly improved VO2peak at 0POST. However, findings at 3POST suggest compromised VO2peak at 0POST in the HDG due to the delayed time course of adaptations. These findings should be considered when implementing high-dose SIT protocols for non-athletic population

Stories of people with dementia who experience word-finding difficulties.

Much research on word-finding difficulties (WFDs) in dementia focuses on quantifying cognitive and linguistic deficits, rather than exploring the ways in which people living with dementia (PLWD) use their existing cognitive and linguistic resources to communicate and share their stories. In addition, little research has focused on exploring the use of non-verbal communication (NVC) and how this is performed through storytelling. The current research aimed to elicit narratives of PLWD and WFDs. Accounts were elicited from three one-to-one interviews which took place in a community setting. These interviews were videorecorded to explore the use of NVC of both the person living with dementia and the researcher. Narrative analysis of the interviews explored the key narratives told by the participants, and the interactional context between the participant and the researcher within the wider socio-political contexts. In addition, NVC has also been interpreted to demonstrate the ways in which this is used as a resource in storytelling. By attending to NVC, it was found that even in silences and manifestations of WFDs participants expressed themselves in a multitude of ways which complemented storytelling, showing the capacity to be humorous, engaging, expressive, and moving, even in the absence of words. In privileging the stories of PLWD and WFDs, it was found that the use of NVC is used resourcefully to affirm their identities and personhood despite threats against these. However, participants did story that experiencing WFDs did lead to frustration, anger, shame, and feelings of dismissal from others. The findings and implications of this study are then discussed, considering their relationship to wider discourses. Findings indicate possibilities for future research and professional practice. The stories presented here may provide ideas for how Clinical Psychologists can improve access to our services at all stages of the dementia journey and promote personhood irrespective of the cognitive and linguistic difficulties experienced by those living with dementia

Gamble mode: Resonance contact mode in atomic force microscopy

Active noise reduction has been accomplished in atomic force microscopy by applying a high frequency, low amplitude vibration to the cantilever while it is in contact with a surface. The applied excitation (>~ 200 kHz; ~ 1 nm) is acoustically coupled to the tip and dampens the resonance Q factors of the system. The applied frequency is well above the bandwidth of the acquisition system (50 kHz). We call this mode "gamble mode" or "resonance contact.

The Adjudication and Enforcement of Rights After Brexit

This report records the inaugural meeting and roundtable of the Brexit and Rights Engagement Network (BREN) on Tuesday 3rd July 2018 at Edinburgh Law School. Attendees at the roundtable included network members, fellow academics, representatives of the Scottish Parliament, the Scottish Government, the Scottish Human Rights Commission, the Equality and Human Rights Commission, the legal professions, and NGOs. Two years after the EU Referendum and only a few days after the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (the 2018 Act) receiving Royal Assent, the Brexit and Rights Engagement Network met for the first time. The purpose of the roundtable was to ignite debate amongst legal scholars and policy makers, and others working in a rights environment relating to interpretation, adjudication and enforcement of rights in the lead up to, and following “Brexit Day,” (March 29, 2019). This report is split into two sections, Part A will consider the adjudication of EU rights, but also their enforcement under the 2018 Act and the Withdrawal Agreement, whilst ‘options for the future’ will be broached in Part B

Learning together: Foucault, Sennett and the crisis of the co-operative character

In this article, we argue that it is necessary to think of co-operation not simply as a skill, but as a virtue, and consequently that what distinguishes a genuine co-operative pedagogy is that it is about forming habits that are virtues. We begin by examining Richard Sennett's account of co-operation in Together. We find in Sennett's assessment of the predicament afflicting co-operation in contemporary capitalist economies an invitation to reflect on the formation of the co-operative character. In the subsequent two parts of the article we look critically at the dominant value of post-Enlightenment education — the aspiration to create autonomous learners, using the work of Michel Foucault on education. Foucault offers a critique of the manner in which the En lightenment values of transparency, instrumentalism and autonomy create students that are isolated rather than co-operators. However, while isolating the problem of autonomy, Foucault does not provide any overt alternative reframing of the pedagogical experience. Thus, we attempt to reposition the question of autonomy in line with an argument for the benefits of co-operative character: autonomy emerges from co-operation not from isolation. Finally, we offer a brief genealogy of Robert Owen’s early views about educational reform, with the aim of highlighting the ambiguity of his proposals and the legacy they left. We conclude by arguing that it is critical to maintain that co- operation is a phronetic virtue because co-operation goes all the way down through our being: being a co-operator is not a skill but who we are

The significance of periventricular leukomalacia on ophthalmic outcome

Aim: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a type of cerebral white matter damage commonly arising within neonates born prematurely. This review aims to evaluate the literature relating to the long-term ophthalmic outcomes following PVL, focussing on the relationship between neuro-imaging and visual out- come. Methods: A literature review was undertaken between October 2013 and January 2015. Articles were sourced using PubMed, ResearchGate and forward citation searches. Results: PVL is shown to increase an individual’s chance of developing ocular defects, namely cerebral visual impairment, strabismus, visual field defects and visuoperceptual anomalies. The severity and extent of PVL is directly proportional to both the chance of developing an ocular defect, and the severity of said ocular defect; however, there is not a perfect correlation and ophthalmic outcome is specific to each individual. There have also been reports of strabismus being the presenting factor, leading to an investigation which revealed the presence of PVL that had been missed during the neonatal period. Neuro-imaging has been shown to have some predictive ability, varying depending on the area of the visual pathway examined, and the aspect of visual outcome predicted. Conclusions: While predictive results gathered via neuro-imaging can offer insight into visual outcome, these must be consolidated through non-radiological clinical testing. Strabismus has been documented as a presenting factor in patients with PVL. Therefore the initial presentation of a patient with PVL, where the diagnosis has been missed during the neonatal period, may be through the orthoptic department

Noise reduction in atomic force microscopy: Resonance contact mode

Noise reduction has been accomplished in atomic force microscopy by applying a high frequency, low amplitude vibration to the cantilever while it is in contact with a surface. The applied excitation (>~200 kHz; ~1 nm) is acoustically coupled to the tip and dampens the resonance Q factors of the system. The applied frequency is well above the bandwidth of the acquisition system (50 kHz). We call this mode "resonance contact" mode. The nonlinear behavior of the tip–sample interaction allows the high frequency excitation to effectively broaden the frequency response of the system resonances

Neutrino Breakup of A=3 Nuclei in Supernovae

We extend the virial equation of state to include 3H and 3He nuclei, and predict significant mass-three fractions near the neutrinosphere in supernovae. While alpha particles are often more abundant, we demonstrate that energy transfer cross-sections for muon and tau neutrinos at low densities are dominated by breakup of the loosely-bound 3H and 3He nuclei. The virial coefficients involving A=3 nuclei are calculated directly from the corresponding nucleon-3H and nucleon-3He scattering phase shifts. For the neutral-current inelastic cross-sections and the energy transfer cross sections, we perform ab-initio calculations based on microscopic two- and three-nucleon interactions and meson-exchange currents.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, minor additions, to appear in Phys. Rev.

The Specific Heat of a Ferromagnetic Film.

We analyze the specific heat for the $O(N)$ vector model on a $d$-dimensional film geometry of thickness $L$ using ``environmentally friendly'' renormalization. We consider periodic, Dirichlet and antiperiodic boundary conditions, deriving expressions for the specific heat and an effective specific heat exponent, \alpha\ef. In the case of $d=3$, for $N=1$, by matching to the exact exponent of the two dimensional Ising model we capture the crossover for \xi_L\ra\infty between power law behaviour in the limit {L\over\xi_L}\ra\infty and logarithmic behaviour in the limit {L\over\xi_L}\ra0 for fixed $L$, where $\xi_L$ is the correlation length in the transverse dimensions.Comment: 21 pages of Plain TeX. Postscript figures available upon request from [email protected]

Experiences of aiding autobiographical memory using the sensecam

Human memory is a dynamic system that makes accessible certain memories of events based on a hierarchy of information, arguably driven by personal significance. Not all events are remembered, but those that are tend to be more psychologically relevant. In contrast, lifelogging is the process of automatically recording aspects of one's life in digital form without loss of information. In this article we share our experiences in designing computer-based solutions to assist people review their visual lifelogs and address this contrast. The technical basis for our work is automatically segmenting visual lifelogs into events, allowing event similarity and event importance to be computed, ideas that are motivated by cognitive science considerations of how human memory works and can be assisted. Our work has been based on visual lifelogs gathered by dozens of people, some of them with collections spanning multiple years. In this review article we summarize a series of studies that have led to the development of a browser that is based on human memory systems and discuss the inherent tension in storing large amounts of data but making the most relevant material the most accessible